Evaluation of Ultra-Lightweight Floating Concrete Using Polystyrene Aggregates for Non-Structural Applications

Polystyrene concrete is a specialized lightweight concrete suitable for applications such as floating marine platforms, floating bridge components, and non-structural slabs subject to heavy vibrations. It is also ideal for light weight brick and sound insulation brick, offering significant environmental advantages as a building material. In this study, lightweight concrete mixes were designed with polystyrene aggregate replacing 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of the aggregate weight. Tests were conducted to evaluate compressive strength, flexural strength and density. Ultrasonic pulse velocity testing was used to determine the dynamic and elastic modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio.
 
The results demonstrated the production of lightweight concrete blocks with suitable compressive strength for light weight brick. The mix with 2% polystyrene achieved an optimal balance of density and mechanical performance, making it suitable for lightweight, non-structural insulating bricks and filler applications.
The results also showed that with an increase in the polystyrene content to 10%, the concrete reaches a state of buoyancy, accompanied by a noticeable reduction in mechanical properties with significant density reduction and floatation capability, though accompanied by reduced mechanical properties.
Therefore, attention should be directed toward utilizing polystyrene concrete as a material for producing sound and thermal insulation bricks, as well as lightweight non-structural bricks. The economic benefits of this application should not be overlooked, especially in cold regions that require insulated walls.