Document Type : Original research papers
Authors
1
Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
2
Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
3
Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
Abstract
The development of smart sustainable cities is crucial to addressing the growing challenges of urbanization, including resource scarcity, environmental impact, and the demand for improved public services. As cities evolve, the integration of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and next-generation wireless networks like 6G becomes essential to enable real-time data collection, efficient resource management, and enhanced connectivity. However, the rapid expansion of IoT devices and sensors in urban environments also brings significant energy demands, presenting a major obstacle to achieving true sustainability. Energy harvesting, which involves capturing ambient energy from sources such as solar, wind, thermal, and kinetic energy, offers a promising solution to power these devices sustainably.
This paper surveys the role of energy harvesting in the context of IoT and 6G networks for smart city development. It examines the potential of various energy harvesting techniques to address the energy requirements of densely connected urban environments, discusses the technical, economic, and environmental challenges associated with these methods, and explores their integration within IoT and 6G infrastructures. The survey also identifies current research gaps and highlights opportunities for innovation in developing energy-efficient, smart city solutions. By providing a comprehensive analysis of energy harvesting's role in IoT and 6G-enabled smart cities, this paper aims to offer valuable insights for future research and practical implementation strategies in creating sustainable urban spaces.
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