Advancing Regenerative Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Cell-Free Therapies

Document Type : Review articles

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lecturer of oral biology, oral biology department, faculty of dentistry, Delta University for science and technology

Abstract

This comprehensive review explores the innovative advancements in regenerative medicine, focusing on cell-free therapies and their transformative potential. Stem cells, particularly those derived from oral tissues, demonstrate exceptional capabilities for self-renewal, differentiation, and therapeutic application. Human dental stem cells (HDSCs) offer promising pathways for tissue engineering and regenerative treatments due to their stability, plasticity, and high proliferation capacities. However, limitations in cell-based therapies, including safety concerns and logistical challenges, have led to the rise of cell-free approaches. Central to these are secretomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs), which leverage bioactive compounds for tissue repair without direct cell transplantation. This review highlights the therapeutic promise of secretomes, detailing their composition, production, and advantages, such as reduced immunogenicity and tumorigenicity. Additionally, the emerging role of EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles, is examined for their precision and efficiency in clinical applications. These cell-free modalities represent a paradigm shift, offering scalable and safer alternatives for advancing regenerative medicine.

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